Friday, 3 May 2013

City Dynamics -Mera Mumbai, India



Mumbai is basically a story of unused spaces. Air, land, sea, underground, we’ve wasted all of them. Air we should have gone vertical, we are starting to do that now but we’ve wasted 40 years and that too because of reasons like convoluted slum redevelopment , tdr etc..which were important , but certainly did not require that much time. On land we don’t have enough freed up paths or commons. Sea and underground could have been used for transportation. In a way we’ve wasted spaces , wasted ideas which were common three or four decades ago.  Imagine what Mumbai could have been had we made the right decisions in early 70 -80’s. Lot of these are workable ideas, solutions have been known through the decades but we ignored them.

For all these years, Mumbai has been my home, very little has changed, few taller buildings have come up. Life is built on memories of our neighborhood, in the homes, in the city that we live in. One starts wondering, why we did not worked hard enough to make Mumbai a great city.
What has been missing is the vision and will, from both politicians and us citizens. We all are responsible for this mess. We've created our little islands, our little cocoons, a gated world of Home, Office, some of us Schools, Colleges, and malls on weekends. We've paid very little attention to the building of the city and demanding a city with livable communities.

THIS is what has to change. Transforming Mumbai and other cities is going to require us to change policies and politics. Because bad politics is what has created this mess, and good politics can get us out of this. As good politics mean good policies and voting. Change has to come through our votes; the reality is many of the citizens don’t vote. So who really votes? Our contribution at the ballot box is only 55% to 60%. It is very little wondered then, that we get the policies we do. And the outcome is no surprise, we are writing off our own future.

Why we need urbanization? Urbanization and development are conjoint twins, one leads to and means the other. In India we’ve had this misplaced notion for a long time, this rheumatics of villages and that has does us harm from pre-independence days. The future of India is urban, if you don’t believe me try going out and living in a village for more than a week, it just doesn’t happen. But everyone likes this, that India lives in 600-1000 villages. The reality is India needs to live in hundreds of cities. Cities are growth engines. They are there for wealth creation, innovation hubs and much more; we’ve seen it through the history of mankind. Now around 50% of the people in the world live in urban areas. For India to develop it has to urbanize. Today around 60% of India involved in agriculture. If some part of this agricultural labour shifts to urban city’s labour intensive manufacturing. India has a unique opportunity here, just like China had 30 years ago. 

Labour costs have been rising in China. China has moved up the ladder. In late 70’s India and China had pretty much the same per capita income, today China’s per capita income is 3 times that of India. Both started off in 1947-48, and we could have done what China did in late 70’s onwards, we lost a lot of opportunities out there. China itself needs a China that was there 30 years ago in case of low cost labour in large numbers. Chinese companies have been looking at Indonesia, Bangladesh and Vietnam and other such countries and are trying to move some of their manufacturing out there. India can be that, that’s the way development, if we move some of the people move from agriculture to low-cost manufacturing,  we need people in manufacturing as we need to produce stuff for consumption.


India has a unique opportunity to kick-start a 30 year old cycle, like China did, if it can solve its land, labour and infrastructure problems. But what how can this be achieved?  As I said before, if we move at least some percent of the people in agriculture to new cities. We do have migrations daily, but in small numbers , but that’s not good enough to get millions of people out of poverty. We need to move them to manufacturing. This would be one of the greatest migrations in history, other than what happened in China. And what do we have to offer them? We have existing but legacy cities like Mumbai. We are bursting at our seems ,look at Mumbai , Delhi or Bangalore or any other major cities, and what’s the plan for renewal , it goes by the initials JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission),  the only time you see these words are painted on buses. – A plan for renewal, that’s our plan for revamping cities. In reality, nothing exists, the number of Urban planners for Mumbai is just One as opposed to China , who has a whole institute producing urban planners for the country. 

We seem to have forgotten the art of planning, looking 10 – 20 years ahead, what cities will become? What’s the evolution of neighbourhood? What’s the progression we need to have? The fact is our existing cities cannot accept more people, what India really needs are new cities, atleast a hundred new cities, movable, sustainable, well managed cities. A lot has been written, solutions are all there , there’s a Romer’s concept of charter cities where people come together based on certain rules, there are designer cities, that are planned according to a purpose. But the first problem we have to solve when we look at the cities is the governance, and what’s needed out here is vision and will for good policies. And it’s not going to happen automatically , we’ve seen 65 years post independence and nothing has changed, it’s almost development , whatever change happens is by default and accidental, Urban Governance is our greatest challenge , we need good policies and for that we need good politicians , for that we need to vote.  The challenge in India is that only 55 percent of voting happens in urban India. The reasons are like , what difference one vote will make it’s a combination of ignorance I don’t know where my polling both is ? It’s a question of complacency, apathy- all are equally bad so it doesn’t matter whom I vote for, waiting in the queue at the polling booth. And the answer is not voting for independent candidates , what they do , is they end up being vote cutters.

Compiled by:

Isha R Ganatra

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